Born on December 24, 1949 in Kraków – Polish scientist and politician, professor of philosophy, publicist, author of over twenty books on socio-political topics, translator and commentator of Plato’s works. Specializes in political and social philosophy, ancient philosophy and the history of philosophy.

In the 1980s, he edited the underground magazine „Arka” in Krakow. Until 2005, he served as the president of the Educational and Scientific Society „Center for Political Thought”, which he co-founded in 1992. He was a guest lecturer at, among others: Yale, Cambridge, Harvard, Notre Dame, Catholic University of America, St. Thomas University, Colby College, Middlebury College. Published for „First Things”, „Critical Review”, „Wall Street Journal”, „National Review”, „The Article”, „Law & Liberty”. He is a former a senator, deputy speaker of the Senate, secretary of state in the chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland, and minister of education.

Serves as a member of the European Parliament since 2009. Chairman of the European Conservatives and Reformists Group in the European Parliament.